Python Roadmap

Python Programming – Course Outline

1. Installation & Environment Setup

• What is Python?
• Python’s History and Ecosystem
• Installing Python

• Setting up IDEs:

  • Google Colab
  • Jupyter Notebook
  • VSCode
  • PyCharm
• Introduction to Python Syntax
• Writing Your First Code in Google Colab

2. Python Basics

• Data Types:

  • String, Integer, Float, Complex, Boolean, None
• Variables & Naming Conventions
• Input and Output Functions

• String Formatting:

  • format(), f-strings, escape sequences
• Basic Arithmetic Operations & Operators
• Type Casting, Type Checking, and Input Validation

3. Control Structures

• Conditional Statements: if, elif, else

• Loops:

  • for, while
  • Looping over strings, tuples, and dictionaries
  • Special Loops: for/else
• Nested Loops & Flow Control
• Special Keywords: pass, continue, break
• Real-world Problem-Solving
• AI Tool: Google Colab - Gemini

4. Data Structures

🔸 Lists

• Indexing, Slicing, Negative Indexing
• Iteration and Conditionals
• Methods: .insert(), .append(), .remove(), .sort()
• List Comprehension

🔹 Tuples

• Indexing, Slicing, Looping
• Tuples vs Lists
• Tuple Unpacking

🔹 Sets

• Set Operations: Add, Remove, Discard
• Set Theory: Union, Intersection, Difference
• Frozenset vs Set

🔹 Dictionaries

• Key-Value Access

• Methods: .get(), .update(), .pop(), .keys()

• Dictionary Comprehension

• Nested Dictionaries

• AI Tool: Gemini or Codeium

5. Functions

• Defining Functions with def
• Parameters, Arguments, Return Values
• Returning Multiple Values
• Default, Positional & Keyword Arguments
• Lambda (Anonymous) Functions
• Nested Functions, Closures
• Scope: Local vs Global

6. File Handling

Text Files

• Reading & Writing Text Files
• File Modes: r, w, a, rb, wb
• Using os Module for File Paths

CSV Files

• CSV Format Basics
• Using csv.reader and csv.writer
• Dictionary-Based CSV Reading/Writing

JSON Files

• Introduction to JSON

• Reading/Writing JSON with json module

• Parsing JSON Strings

• AI Tool: ChatGPT for Prompt Engineering

7. Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)

• Classes & Objects

• __init__() and self

• Attributes: Class vs Object

• Inheritance: Single, Multiple, Multilevel

• Polymorphism & Operator Overloading

• Function Overriding & Encapsulation

• AI Tool: Pythontutor.com

8. Error Handling & Debugging

• try, except, finally, else
• Handling Specific Exceptions
• Creating Custom Exceptions
• Debugging Tips & Best Practices

9. In-Depth Python Topics

• Lambda Functions
• Generators & Iterators
• List Comprehensions
• *args and **kwargs

10. Python Libraries & Frameworks

Standard Libraries

• os, random, math, functools, etc.

Data Manipulation with Pandas

• DataFrames
• CSV I/O
• Filtering & Transformation

Data Visualization

• Matplotlib

• Seaborn

• Plotly

• AI Tool: Pandas Profiling

11. SQL Integration

• Creating & Modifying Databases/Tables

• CRUD Operations: CREATE, SELECT, UPDATE, DELETE

• Using WHERE, LIMIT, etc.

• SQL Optimization using AI Tools

• AI Tools:

  • DBeaver
  • ChatGPT

12. Git & GitHub Basics

• Installing & Configuring Git

• Creating Repositories (Local & Remote)

• Committing & Branching

• Pushing Changes & Cloning Repos

• AI Tool: GitHub Copilot

Final Project Options

Choose one of the following for the final assignment:

1. Web Scraping Project

   • Scrape data from websites
   • Store in SQL database
   • Export to CSV/JSON

2. Desktop Data Entry App

   • Manage and persist data in JSON/CSV
   • User-friendly interface

3. CLI CRUD App

   • Command-line interface
   • CRUD operations
   • Backend database integration